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As a theoretical rule of thumb, a good decoupling requires a distance of 5 to 10 λ. 1)
In practive, in most cases a distance of 3 λ is sufficient.
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λ = v/f with v∼3×108 m/s.
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For GSM-R Deutsche Bahn requires a decoupling of up to -60 dBm. According to a simulation of one of our antenna supplier a distanec of 350 cm is sufficant to fulfill this requirements
Source: entkopplung_gsm-r_-_v02.pdf
1)
[λ] Lambda = Wave length